Objective
To see if lifetime traumas, along with psychosocial distress, can predict traumatic stress symptoms in people with cancer.
Detailed Description
- Background
- The American College of Surgeons requires accredited cancer hospitals to screen for distress.
- Providers at the NIH CC do not uniformly screen for traumatic stress in oncology patients but have observed innumerable patients with deficits in social functioning, difficulty adhering to treatment, and trouble coping due to oncology related traumatic stress.
- A seminal distress study reported the prevalence of distress for 14 cancer diagnoses was as high as 43.4% with prevalence of distress in the 30% range for the diagnoses covered in this study.
- It has been shown that a cancer diagnosis represents a threat to life and bodily integrity and can create a sense of loss of social and occupational roles, causing one s adaptive capacity to become overwhelmed.
- In oncology patients, the literature reports that symptoms or traumatic stress range from 20% with early stage cancer to 80% in those with recurrent disease.
- The outcome of this study will provide information about traumatic stress, aid in the identification of it, and provide guidance on trauma informed care for this population.
- Objectives
- The primary objective is to investigate if the level of psychosocial distress is predictive of the level of traumatic stress symptoms (TSS) in four groups of patients with cancer (lymphoma, leukemia, prostate cancer, and mesothelioma).
- We will also explore the number of lifetime traumas experienced and if these, along with psychosocial distress, are predictive of TSS among the four diagnostic groups of patients enrolled on a clinical trial at the NIH for cancer treatment.
- Eligibility
- Patients receiving treatment at the NIH CC will be recruited from four diagnostic groups: leukemia, lymphoma, mesothelioma, and prostate.
- Inclusion criteria include: diagnosed and treated for one of four types of cancer (patients can have any stage of one of these four types of cancer and can be at any point in the treatment continuum); aged 18 and over; able to understand and willing to sign a written informed consent document to participate in this study; enrolled in a clinical trial and actively followed on at the NIH CC.
Design
This study is an exploratory cross-sectional survey design.
Data from the standardized measures (e.g. BSI-18, LEC-5, and the PCL-5) and demographic and medical history from the medical charts will describe the sample.
Protocol participation is estimated to take approximately 30 minutes per patient.
The sample size calculation is based on four separate multiple regression analysis and requires 75 per diagnostic group or a total of 360 subjects.
To address the primary objective, one multiple regression will be used on all four diagnostic groups combined. Two-way and three-way interactions will also be tested.
Bi-variate analysis such as t-tests to compare means, diagnostic groups, time since diagnosis, time since clinical trials participation (e.g. treatment) and demographics, as well as, correlations and/or ANOVAs/chi-squared will be used to explore differences and relationships among the main variables and the demographic and illness-related variables.
Eligibility
- Inclusion Criteria
- Currently diagnosed or have been diagnosed with one of four types of cancer: leukemia, lymphoma, mesothelioma, and prostate cancer. Patients can have any stage of one of these four types of cancer and can be at any point in the treatment continuum, including active treatment, remission, recurrence, and surveillance or watchful waiting. An oncology diagnosis is considered sufficient for this protocol if it is sufficient for the patient to be enrolled in and actively followed on an oncology protocol at the NIH CC;
- Those who are pregnant are eligible to participate;
- Those who are HIV positive or have been diagnosed with AIDS in addition to carrying an oncology diagnosis are eligible to participate;
- Those who are aged 18 and over, as the research instruments have not been validated in individuals under the age of 18;
- Able to understand and willing to sign a written informed consent document to participate in this study;
- Enrolled in and actively followed on a clinical trial at the NIH CC.
- If applicable, agrees to complete study questionnaires on line.
- Exclusion Criteria
- Inability to meet the inclusion criteria;
- Inability to provide informed consent;
- Individuals with limited English proficiency as the research instruments have not been translated into or validated in languages other than English.